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In order to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on the free-floating bike-sharing (FFBS) system and the potential role of FFBS played in the pandemic period, this study explores the impact mechanism of travel frequency of FFBS users before and after the pandemic. Using the online questionnaire collected in Nanjing, China, we first analyze the changes of travel frequency, travel distance, and travel duration in these two periods. Then, two ordered logit models are applied to explore the contributing factors of the weekly trip frequency of FFBS users before and after COVID-19. The results show that: (1) While the overall travel duration and travel distance of FFBS users decreased after the pandemic, the trip frequency of FFBS users increased as the travel duration increased. (2) Since COVID-19, attitude perception variables of the comfort level and the low travel price have had significantly positive impacts on the weekly trip frequency of FFBS users. (3) Respondents who use FFBS as a substitution for public transport are more likely to travel frequently in a week after the outbreak of COVID-19. (4) The travel time in off-peak hours of working days, weekends, and holidays has a significantly positive correlation with the trip frequency of FFBS users. Finally, several relevant policy recommendations and management strategies are proposed for the operation and development of FFBS during the similar disruptive public health crisis.
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The collection and distribution network of ports is the main cause of carbon emissions. The carbon peak is a basic policy in China, and the subsidy policy is one of the common measures used by the government to incentivize carbon reduction. We analyzed the transportation methods and the flow direction of a port and proposed a carbon emission calculation method based on emission factors. Based on the transportation time and the cost, a generalized transportation utility function was constructed, and the logit model was used to analyze the impacts of subsidy policies on transportation, thus calculating the effects of the subsidies on carbon reduction. We used Guangzhou Port as a case study, and calculated the carbon reduction effects in six different subsidy policy scenarios and concluded that the absolute carbon reduction value was proportional to the subsidy intensity. In addition, we constructed a subsidy carbon reduction efficiency index and found that the Guangzhou Port collection and distribution network had higher subsidy carbon reduction efficiency in low-subsidy scenarios. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on the subsidy parameters, and scenario 8 was found to have the highest subsidy carbon reduction efficiency. This achievement can provide decision support for the carbon emission strategy of the port collection and distribution network.
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PurposeThis study explores Greek and Swedish consumers' attitude towards organic food consumption in order to demonstrate possible differences that can be identified based on health and ecological consciousness beliefs rather than demographic factors. The examination of an emerging and a more mature market allow the authors to provide more targeted marketing strategies that possibly increase organic food consumption in both countries.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt an econometric approach to the analysis of consumer behavior in relation to organic food consumption in Sweden and Greece. More specifically, the authors examine the motivations and postexperiences of organic food consumers of different socioeconomic profiles in these two countries, one in northern and one in southern Europe. The authors apply an ordered logistic regression analysis model to map out the interaction between consumer attitudes and sociodemographic variables.FindingsThe authors results show that consumers in Sweden more frequently purchase organic foods than consumers in Greece. Environmental protection and ethical values increase the odds for Swedish organic food consumers to buy organic food products. Health consciousness and family well-being are perceived as factors that increase the odds for Greek organic food consumers to buy organic foods. Sociodemographic factors do not play a pivotal role for consumer behavior in relation to organic food in both countries.Originality/valueThis study distinguishes between organic food consumers in two countries with different levels of organic food production and export activity, size of organic market, national organic labeling system and legal definition and standards of organic food. Within these differences, the organic food industry could align its marketing efforts better rather focus on simplistic demographics. The current view unfolds the fact that there are limited studies comparing two European markets at different stages of development and the factors that influence organic food consumer behavior.
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During the pandemic, submitting students' outputs in mathematics is seldom on time because of a lack of focus on doing their activities before the deadline. In fact, several causal factors cause the students' submission process of mathematics outputs. Hence, this study focused on investigating the factors of outputs submission on time among students at Visayas State University taking a mathematics course online amid the new normal. The study involved statistical measures to summarize the variables of interest and employed binary logistic regression to model the causal factors affecting the students' submission on time. Results revealed that only 26.15% of the students are submitting their mathematics outputs on time. This means that during the pandemic, several students are having difficulty submitting their outputs on or before the given deadline. The logistic regression model showed that the significant factors that influence the students' submission on time include the availability of laptops (p- value=0.011), money spent on internet load (p-value=0.062), small household size (p- value=0.087), and internet signal strength (p-value=0.020). It is concluded that appropriate gadgets (technology) for online learning are a great help in accomplishing learning tasks on time. Additionally, less distraction at home, enough budget, and a good internet signal can progress their required mathematics activities and sustain an effective learning behavior amid the distance learning process. Hence, students must be supported by the Philippine government in terms of their need for learning tools that are suitable for online learning. Furthermore, teachers must provide attainable learning tasks given the deadline of submission and encourage their students to develop time scheduling management for their mathematics activities.
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Based on 1692 outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) events of 735 A-share listed companies in China's manufacturing industry from 2010 to 2019, this paper empirically examines the effect of investment motivation and the impact of institutional differences between China and the host country on the choice of OFDI entry mode;the paper also investigates the moderating effect of the "Belt and Road” Initiative (BRI) on Chinese manufacturing enterprises (CMEs) through use of the logit model. The empirical results show that, with greater institutional differences, CMEs become more inclined to choose cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Furthermore, a positive moderating effect of resource-seeking motivation on the choice of M&A OFDI by CMEs is observed. The signing of the "Belt and Road” cooperation document positively moderates institutional differences in promoting CMEs—especially state-owned CMEs—to choose the M&A mode. The "Belt and Road” Initiative provides an efficient supply system for OFDI by CMEs. This study enriches and extends existing institutional theories and provides suggestions for the promotion of the geopolitical pattern and international cooperation regarding the "Belt and Road” Initiative.
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Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is becoming increasingly popular as an efficient means of energy demand management. By collecting energy data through AMI, it is possible to provide users with information that can induce them to change their behavior. To ensure that AMI continues to expand and to encourage the use of energy data, it is important to increase consumer participation and analyze their preferred service attributes. This study utilized a choice experiment to analyze consumer preferences for and acceptance of smart energy services based on AMI data. The results of a mixed logit model estimation show that consumers prefer the electricity information service for individual households and the social safety-net service among convergence services. A scenario analysis confirms that monetary compensation to offset any additional charges is important to maintain the level of consumer acceptance. These empirical findings offer insights for policymakers and companies seeking to develop policies and similar services.
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This article is devoted to the question of identifying the relationship between the dimensions of formal education in the country and the level of its financial inclusion. To achieve it, logit-probit modeling was used between the integral indicator of financial inclusion, based on principal-component factors calculation, and various dimensions of education. Ninety-three countries with different levels of socio-economic development were chosen as the object of the study. As a result, the positive statistically significant influence of such determinants as financial literacy, duration of compulsory education, government expenditure on education, pupil-teacher ratio, school enrollment at the secondary level was confirmed. School enrollment at the primary level had a negative influence on financial inclusion. This vector of research will allow to form the main directions of management of educational determinants of financial inclusion, which are important vectors of reforming the education system and ensuring financial inclusion at the national level.
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The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected every sector of human activities. The outbreak has not only resulted in the risk of death from infection but has greatly affected the education system globally. While universities around the world have adapted to academic changes because of this pandemic, some other universities such as in Nigeria seem to be far behind. Therefore, this study aims to understand the impact of COVID-19 on students in higher institutions in Nigeria. The study utilizes an interactive survey design to get responses from 1533 respondents who are students of tertiary institutions. Two sampling techniques, namely snow-balling and purposive, are used to administer the questionnaire. The participants are representative samples from across the 6 geo-political zones of Nigeria. The results from the descriptive analysis reveals that 11.6% of the respondents have been able to continue school online and 41.4% have a level of doubt about the ability of their school can adapt to the learning mode occurring globally. Inferential analysis was carried out to understand the association and regression between variables. Results from Chi-Square Test of association show that students from public universities are economically more affected than those from private universities (P-value < .005). The ordinal logistic model considered multiple independent variables. Results from the logistic model showed that the future effect of COVID-19 on career/academic progression of students hold, irrespective of discipline or degree of study or university category or level/year of study. Furthermore, 30% of the students, regardless of their discipline, degree of study, or university category expressed extreme or moderate hopelessness about their academic future concerning the pandemic. The study has shown that the pandemic did not only lead to physical, technological, and economical challenges to education for Nigerian students, but also psychosocial challenges (such as hopelessness and high level of distrust for the existing educational systems) that may affect the way student engage and commit to their education in the post-pandemic world. This provides educational stakeholders including policy makers the adequate data needed to understand how exactly students have been affected and supportive measure to implement as tertiary institutions reopen for learning.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate how COVID-19 pandemic including some coping strategies such as hand wash with soap and food consumption influences work operation or performance of nonfarm household enterprises (NHEs) in Nigeria using 2020 Living Standard Measurement Survey data of 1728 sample size. This study departs from existing study in two ways: first, the study employs multinomial logistic regression technique to ascertain the determinants of work performance of nonfarm household enterprises in Nigeria. Second, the study focuses on nonfarm enterprises such as petty trade, road side automobile and cab drivers. The results show that COVID-19 pandemic is significant with negative influence on the work operation of NHEs in Nigeria. The result of the study also reveals that coping strategy such as hand wash with soap during the pandemic is an important driver of work performance or operation of NHEs in Nigeria. Another coping strategy like food consumption by nonfarm household enterprises shows insignificant influence on work operation which implies that there is no relationship between food consumption and work operation by NHEs in Nigeria. The policy recommendation of this study, among others, is that policies should focus on procurement of sanitary material for public use. This can be achieved through public sensitisation in terms of organising workshops and conferences.
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INTRODUCTION: The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly impacted travel behavior. However, few studies have analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent travel behavior. This article analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent travel behavior using questionnaire survey data. METHODS: This paper first used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to explore the psychological factors related to the adolescents' perceptions about the severity of COVID-19. The study then established a logit model to study the effects of COVID-19 in different phases (before, during, and after the epidemic peak), demographic characteristics, and the role of psychological factors on their travel behavior. RESULTS: The results show that the phase of COVID-19 did not significantly impact the adolescents' choice of short-distance travel. The frequency of outings per week, the number of exercise sessions per week, and willingness to travel by public transportation decreased significantly in the outbreak phase. Meanwhile, the perception of the severity of COVID-19 significantly impacted adolescent travel behavior. CONCLUSION: This research demonstrates that COVID-19 has led adolescents to reduce their frequency of outings, and they try not to use public transportation. Adolescents appear to be traveling more cautiously in the outbreak phase and the post-epidemic phase.
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The Australian fishing industry is currently seeking ways to improve its economic viability in the face of external pressures such as competition from cheaper imports and loss of export markets in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. The promotion of "local” seafood appears successful elsewhere and may offer opportunities for fishers to exploit a previously underutilized market. The aim of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for the attribute "local” against other key attributes of sustainability and freshness when purchasing fish. This study uses a choice experiment based on Australian wild caught Barramundi to determine the importance of these attributes to Queensland seafood consumers. The results of the mixed multinomial logit model indicate that freshness attracts the highest WTP, followed by sustainability and then origin. With respect to the origin attribute, consumers would be willing to pay more for fish identified as locally produced than fish identified more broadly (i.e., State or Australian label). However, this higher willingness to pay is limited to residents from regional coastal areas (i.e., where the produce is caught), with consumers from main metropolitan areas more indifferent to product origin. Nevertheless, the development of a "local” label may also act as a proxy indicator of freshness and sustainability, and provide benefits to both fishers and consumers. © 2023 The Authors
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IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the role of occupational exposure in the risk to be infected with Sars-Cov-2, and whether this differ across waves, while correcting for non-work related factors.MethodsData from 207 034 workers from the Netherlands with test data on Sars-Cov-2 from June 2020 until August 2021 were available. Personal characteristics and living conditions were derived from Statistics Netherlands. Occupational exposure was estimated by using the COVID-19 JEM. A test-negative design was applied in which the risk for a positive test was analyzed in a conditional logit model for the entire study period and three separate waves.ResultsNine percent of tests were positive during the entire study period, and being exposed at work was related to a higher risk for a positive test. The multiple regression models showed that contaminated work spaces, (lack of) face covering and income insecurity are the most important risk factors for a positive test result. Differences were found across waves. Some occupations were at higher risk to be infected at the worksite than others, and this differed across waves.ConclusionsEven after correcting for non-work related factors, exposure to Sars-Cov-2 at work is still related with higher risk for a positive test. The type of jobs differed across the waves and depends largely on the measures taken by the government.
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Financial inclusion is vital in economic development as it empowers families and communities to meet basic needs, such as nutritious food, clean water, housing, education, and healthcare. Financial inclusion is also a tool for hedging against extreme weather events, disasters, and health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, access to financial services has the potential to alleviate poverty, reduce income inequality, and stimulate economic growth and development. However, there is limited literature regarding the impact of financial inclusion at the household level. According to the latest World Bank Global Findex, the number of financially included adults has risen substantially in Tanzania due to the introduction of mobile money and baking financial inclusion. Based on Tanzania World Bank's Global Findex micro-data set for 2011, 2014, and 2017 surveys, this study uses the ordered probit regression model with endogenous treatment assignment to evaluate factors influencing financial inclusion and estimate the impact of financial inclusion on income in Tanzania. The available literature guided us in selecting the independent variables to include in the financial inclusion and impact models. The applied model allows for correcting for self-selection bias and endogenous effects associated with financial inclusion and income. Self-selection bias can occur when individuals choose whether to participate in a program based on their socioeconomic and demographic circumstances. Due to self-selection, participants often differ from nonparticipants in ways significant to the research, leading to a biased sample, which affects the generalizability of the research results. The results show that formal education and lack of money are the most crucial factor influencing financial inclusion and exclusion. Moving from financial exclusion to inclusion increased the probability of being in the higher income brackets. Personal finance education programs geared towards the most vulnerable groups would improve financial inclusion and income in Tanzania. Results from this study indicate that financial inclusion has a positive impact on income, and thus, it is crucial to enhance the scope coverage via more extensive and swift channels, such as mobile money and baking. Enhanced financial inclusion in Tanzania will lead to higher and quicker integration of the excluded community members into formal financial systems, thereby maximizing the effects of financial inclusion on the poor and the country's economic growth. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Developing Areas is the property of Tennessee State University, College of Business and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Vaccination can play a decisive role in reducing travel risk and rebuilding travel confidence. Previous studies pointed out that travel desires moderate or influence vaccination intention, while this paper extends their studies to investigate the relationships between vaccine trust (VT), travel confidence after vaccination (TC), travel intention (TI) and travel behaviour (TB). The VT, TC, and TI clusters were insignificant towards travel behaviour, indicating that travel confidence triggers travel intention but did not reflect on behaviour. The binomial logit model disclosed that only travel confidence was statistically significant toward travel intention, whereby tourists who were more desirous of travelling would be 5.3 times greater in the high-TC cluster. This paper suggests that vaccination should not serve as the only solution for the early stage of tourism reboot, as vaccination can boost travel confidence but not the tourists' behaviour.
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Property enterprise has contributed significantly to the prevention and control of COVID-19, and its functions received positive feedback from the urban residents via a survey. Detailed data on confirmed COVID-19 cases in 446 communities in Wuhan were collected and the property fee of each community was used to assess the quality of the property services provided. Both binary logit and ordered logit models were used to measure the impact of property fees on the pandemic prevention and control efficiency of each community. The results showed that a higher property fee corresponded to a better property service and a higher probability that the residential community would be free of COVID-19. Furthermore, where property fees were higher, pandemic prevention and control efficiency increased and the community achieved a lower pandemic risk level. In conclusion, the promotion of high-quality property services is conducive to community disease prevention and control in the case of a pandemic.
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This paper aims to explore the impact of residents'personal attributes, household attributes, travel characteristics, pandemic perception attributes, behavioral intentions, choice attitudes and other factors on travel mode choices in different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed Logit model is constructed based on the travel data from the sampling survey of Beijing residents under three stages of the pandemic, the initial phase, the outbreak phase, and the stabilization phase. The results show that travel distance is positively correlated with travel mode choice in all three stages of the pandemic. The maximum predicted marginal values of each stage and their corresponding variables are 3.299 (5~10 km), 2.983 (>10 km), and 3.148 (5~10 km), respectively, and long-distance travel has the greatest impact on the travel mode choice. The perceived attributes of the pandemic and travel distance have obvious moderating effects on the travel mode choice. During the pandemic outbreak period, the perceived pandemic attributes, behavioral intentions, and choice attitude variables have a significant negative correlation with the travel mode choice, and residents'psychological concern of being cross-infected during travel is obvious;only 18.8% of travelers choose to travel by bus or subway, and the travel structure changes significantly. During the stable period of the pandemic, the choice of attitude variable has a positive and significant impact on the choice of transportation mode, and the degree of influence becomes larger, indicating that travelers demand a higher rate of population contact and strictness of pandemic prevention measures for transportation mode. The research results can provide a reference basis for travel decisions of travelers under public health events and the prevention and control of the pandemic by relevant management departments. © 2022 Journal Northern Jiaotong University. All rights reserved.
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This paper aims to explore the impact of residents'personal attributes, household attributes, travel characteristics, pandemic perception attributes, behavioral intentions, choice attitudes and other factors on travel mode choices in different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed Logit model is constructed based on the travel data from the sampling survey of Beijing residents under three stages of the pandemic, the initial phase, the outbreak phase, and the stabilization phase. The results show that travel distance is positively correlated with travel mode choice in all three stages of the pandemic. The maximum predicted marginal values of each stage and their corresponding variables are 3.299 (5~10 km), 2.983 (>10 km), and 3.148 (5~10 km), respectively, and long-distance travel has the greatest impact on the travel mode choice. The perceived attributes of the pandemic and travel distance have obvious moderating effects on the travel mode choice. During the pandemic outbreak period, the perceived pandemic attributes, behavioral intentions, and choice attitude variables have a significant negative correlation with the travel mode choice, and residents'psychological concern of being cross-infected during travel is obvious;only 18.8% of travelers choose to travel by bus or subway, and the travel structure changes significantly. During the stable period of the pandemic, the choice of attitude variable has a positive and significant impact on the choice of transportation mode, and the degree of influence becomes larger, indicating that travelers demand a higher rate of population contact and strictness of pandemic prevention measures for transportation mode. The research results can provide a reference basis for travel decisions of travelers under public health events and the prevention and control of the pandemic by relevant management departments. © 2022 Journal Northern Jiaotong University. All rights reserved.
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Leisure trips have become more important in an era where people are increasingly concerned with quality of life. Leisure trips are unique in that they are not as strict as mandatory trips, while, at the same time, they have wider characteristics because of their flexibility. Research on leisure trips from developing countries is still under-represented as there is still a focus on commuting trips. This study aims to identify factors that influence the mode of transportation choice for leisure trips by domestic travelers who live in cities surrounding Bandung, Indonesia. Data were collected using stated-preference self-report questionnaires distributed to locals who have the intention to travel for leisure in Bandung in the future. Based on responses from 305 respondents with a total number of 1220 observations, a multinomial logit model was estimated. It was found that trains and buses were selected more often by locals than other modes of transportation, including private cars, for leisure trips. Our model showed that locals considered travel time and travel costs as the most significant factors in selecting the mode of transportation for their leisure trips. Besides the existence of online transportation—hailing rides through mobile apps—as an alternative, this study also reveals payment method to be a unique consideration of locals when travelling leisurely in this digital era.
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This study examines the formats offered for academic conferences in the mature stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two out of three organisers discontinue their usage of online video tools and focus on in-person conferences. Only one out of five conferences offers hybrid solutions and even fewer a virtual alternative (13%). Data for the analysis originate from 547 calls for proposals announced in Spring 2022 for conferences to be held during the period August 2022 to July 2023. Estimates using a multinomial logit model show that the planning time is significantly related to the choice of format offered. The longer the lead time, the more likely it is to offer an in-person conference. International travel restrictions and bans on gatherings for the location of the venue at the time of planning are significantly related to the choice of virtual, but not hybrid formats. There are also large differences in the choice across disciplines, with conferences in arts and humanities as well as natural sciences showing the lowest preference for the virtual format.
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To adhere to health regulations and reduce the risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, employers, mobility operators, and travelers alike adopted new strategies such as teleworking, rigorous sanitation, and social distancing. In this research, we examine the individual-level factors contributing to transit ridership abandonment and return decisions. We utilize comprehensive survey-based data of transit users in the Chicago metropolitan area (N = 5648) collected prior to reopening. We investigate three ridership behaviors, namely (1) discontinued public transit ridership, (2) the intent to return to pre-pandemic transit ridership levels once health concerns are alleviated, and (3) the likelihood of using public transit more often if its fare systems are integrated with other mobility services such as ridehailing and micromobility. Examining the role of sociodemographics, employment characteristics, transit investment priorities, and travel behavior before and during the pandemic, this research reveals fine-grained details about transit usage decline, as well as future intentions. The results indicate that teleworking, unemployment, and vehicle access are the major factors behind discontinued transit ridership. Analysis of race, ethnicity, and gender effects reveals that vulnerable users often have a higher risk of abandonment coupled with a lower likelihood of returning. These results point to the need for transit agencies to consider the specific concerns of ethnic/racial minorities and women. Encouragingly, there is an opportunity for agencies to attract more ridership with fare integration. Several respondent segments would use transit more if fare systems are integrated with ridehailing and micromobility, highlighting the importance of lowering the barriers to accessing these mobility services. This research informs several policies that can be adopted by transit agencies and other mobility providers. We discuss the importance of an equitable return to transit, possibilities for Mobility-as-a-Service with fare integration as a starting point and stress the significance of teleworking in future transit policies.